Laser Scribing of Photovoltaic Solar Thin Films: A Review

The development of thin-film photovoltaics has emerged as a promising solution to the global energy crisis within field solar cell technology. However, transitioning from laboratory scale large-area cells requires precise and high-quality scribes achieve required voltage reduce ohmic losses. Laser scribing shown great potential in preserving efficiency by minimizing drop geometrical fill factor, resistive losses, shunt formation. due laser induced photothermal effects, various defects can initiate impact quality scribed grooves weaken module’s efficiency. In this regard, much research been conducted analyze surface integrity, electrical performance reach higher power conversion efficiencies. This comprehensive review photovoltaic thin films pivots on scribe analyzes critical factors challenges affecting reliability process. also covers latest developments using systems, parameters, techniques for patterning types identify optimized ablation condition. Furthermore, directions future investigations at improving film are suggested.